a tree icon to represent a forest, brown denoting desert, or green denoting vegetation. Iconic symbols (also "image", "pictorial", or "replicative") have a similar appearance to the real-world feature, although it is often in a generalized manner e.g.Map symbols can thus be categorized by how they suggest this connection: This should help develop a theoretical basis for how brains recognize symbols and, in turn, provide a platform for creating new symbols.Īccording to semiotics, specifically the Semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, map symbols are "read" by map users when they make a connection between the graphic mark on the map (the sign), a general or specific concept (the interpretant), and a particular feature of the real world (the object or referent). Modern cartographers are curious why certain symbols are the most effective. This behaviorist view treats the human brain like a black box. In the past, mapmakers did not care why they worked. In cartography, the principles of cognition are important since they explain why certain map symbols work. This is an ad hoc symbol, because there is nothing intuitively "dark green" about Poland. Its corresponding interpretants are the concepts of "country" and "Poland," and its object is the actual country of Poland. One of the many signs in this map is the dark green patch. Population growth rate, population density Socioeconomic status (rich, middle class, poor) Different kinds of symbols and visual variables are better at intuitively representing some levels than others, especially when the visual variable portrays the same kind of differences as the represented attribute. Geographers and cartographers usually categorize properties according to the classification system of Stanley Smith Stevens, or some revision thereof, such as that of Chrisman. Many map symbols visualize not just the location and shape of a geographic phenomenon, but also one or more of its properties or attributes. For example, a three-dimensional road is often represented as a one-dimensional line symbol, while two-dimensional cities are frequently represented by zero-dimensional points. The dimensionality of a map symbol representing a feature may or may not be the same as the dimensionality of the feature in the real world discrepancies are the result of cartographic generalization to simplify features based on purpose and scale. Surface (color, size/weight, opacity, pattern) Stroke (color, size/weight, opacity, texture) The number of spatial dimensions needed to represent a phenomenon determine a choice of Geometric primitive each type of geometric primitive is drawn with a different type of visual symbol. These are rarely represented directly on maps instead, map symbols portray their properties, which usually take the form of geographic fields, such as temperature, moisture content, density, and composition. Mass phenomena include air, water, vegetation, and rock. Features such as buildings, cities, roads, lakes, and countries are geographic objects that are often portrayed on maps using symbols. Geographic phenomena can be categorized into objects, which are recognizable as a unified whole with a relevant boundary and shape and masses, in which the notion of boundary and wholeness are not relevant to their identity. When a symbol is representing a property of the phenomenon as well as its location, the choice of symbol also depends on the nature of that property, usually classified as a Level of measurement. Phenomena can be categorized a number of ways, but two are most relevant to symbology: ontological form and dimensionality. Different kinds of symbols are used to portray different spatial forms. Symbols are used to represent geographic phenomena, which exist in, and are represented by, a variety of spatial forms.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |